This article represents the author’s reflections on the book by Karl Sigmund “Exact Thinking in Demented Times. The Vienna Circle and the Epic Quest for the Foundations of Science” and the fate of the Vienna Circle. Sigmund paints a vivid portrait of the Vienna Circle against the background of the difficult historical period in which its members lived and worked. The Vienna Circle established the tradition of liberating consciousness and science from metaphysics. But the participants of the Vienna Circle and (...) their entourage did not manage to get rid of the humanistic issues, despite the declaration of strict scientific character. The author of the article draws attention to the internal contradiction between strict scientific topics and the existential-humanistic perception of this topic by the Vienna Circle’s authors and their likeminded people, and by Sigmund himself. The author concludes that it was thanks to this contradiction the Vienna Circle became not only a stage in the development of philosophical science, but also had a broad cultural influence on art, politics, architecture, museums, etc. The historical and philosophical tradition connects the activities of the Vienna Circle with the beginning of the divergence between the philosophical scientific and humanistic traditions in the understanding of philosophy, and the controversy between R. Carnap and M. Heidegger is an important point in this process. But Sigmund’s book gives the impression that this is not the divergence strictly scientific and humanistic traditions, but the difference between two humanistic traditions, one of them tends to express its thoughts strictly analytically. (shrink)

The article deals with such a phenomenon as the reorientation of bioethics in the era of change. Attention is focused on the fact that the COVID19 pandemic has exposed new problems in practical medicine. Special attention should now be paid to the vulnerable groups that have been most affected by the pandemic – children and the elderly. At the same time, the author disagrees with the unification of gerontology and geriatrics into one, exclusively medical, scientific specialty in the list of (...) the Higher Attestation Commission of 2022. The idea is expressed that bioethics can and should act as a phenomenon synthesizing all aspects of the accompaniment of old age. The author calls for the development of this direction, including on the pages of this magazine. (shrink)

This study examines how visibility of a content moderator and ambiguity of moderated content influence perception of the moderation system in a social media environment. In the course of a two-day pre-registered experiment conducted in a realistic social media simulation, participants encountered moderated comments that were either unequivocally harsh or ambiguously worded, and the source of moderation was either unidentified, or attributed to other users or an automated system (AI). The results show that when comments were moderated by an AI (...) versus other users, users perceived less accountability in the moderation system and had less trust in the moderation decision, especially for ambiguously worded harassments, as opposed to clear harassment cases. However, no differences emerged in the perceived moderation fairness, objectivity, and participants confidence in their understanding of the moderation process. Overall, our study demonstrates that users tend to question the moderation decision and system more when an AI moderator is visible, which highlights the complexity of effectively managing the visibility of automatic content moderation in the social media environment. (shrink)

This article represents the review of the Russian translation of N. Lumann’s work which was published under the title «Truth, knowledge, science as a system». In article N. Lumann’s approach to consideration of science as one of the communicative systems of society performing function on development of knowledge is reconstructed. Within this approach we consider in a separate way the the truthconditional perspective which is expressed by means of terms of language of the theory symbolically the generalized of media of (...) communications. Special attention is paid to the potential of the reconstructed theory in the analysis of modern scientific community and to the relation of scientific system to other communicative systems (its differentiation from them and the possibility of interaction). (shrink)

Издание содержит: Музыка моя; XIX век. Россия. первые опыты философствования о музыке; XIX век. Россия. Четыре имени в метафизике музыки; XX век. Мордовия. Бахтинские и яушевские страницы и др.

In this reply to the article by I.T. Kasavin “Creativity as a social phenomenon” the authors discuss the possibilities of the scientific precariat as a free creative class, which having entered the scientific community, will give it a new creative potential. The authors express some doubts that such a merger will preserve precariat's special creative spirit. The article draws attention to the diversity in understanding the nature, goals and values of creativity. The specificity of understanding creativity in the scientific community (...) is due to its rational and methodological guidelines, while the precariat is part of postmodern society, and its creative potential stems from a break with traditional rationalistic methodology. However, as long as peer review remains in the hands of the exclusively institutionalized scientific community, there is a high probability that the creativity of the precariat will be marginalized, and becoming part of the scientific community, the precariat will be forced to accept its epistemic values and lose the creative potential that is expected from them. The authors refer to P. Feyerabend’s theory of creativity, in which he rejects the subject-centered model of scientific creativity. According to Feyerabend, creativity is intersubjective in nature and grows organically from the sociocultural environment of the subject. The scientist creates following a cultural instinct, but the subject does not disappear from the creative process, since the cultural instinct is refracted through his individual style. If creativity is a reflection of the spirit of times, the precariat is the best way to embody it. In conclusion, a way for overcoming the social is outlined and, in a broad sense, the methodological problematic nature of the unification of the scientific community and the precariat, which the authors see in the general democratization and pluralism of society. (shrink)

The past decade has seen notable development of conceptual engineering – a field of analytical philosophy that focuses on the critical evaluation of concepts. Most authors engaged with this area identify Rudolf Carnap’s ideas as its methodological framework and theoretical origin, placing particular emphasis on the philosopher’s method of explication. This article highlights the unquestionable influence Carnap’s thought had on conceptual engineering whilst by no means reducing it to the utilisation and advancement of explication within this field of analytical philosophy: (...) indeed, conceptual engineering has incorporated – and brought to the forefront – much broader tenets of Carnap’s concept. This study draws on a series of the philosopher’s works, as well as his ‘Intellectual Autobiography’, to trace the evolution of his ideas about language and describe the fundamental elements revealing the ‘engineering perspective’ in his reflection. Most clearly, this perspective is evident in his interpretation of logic as a conceptual tool for acquiring and processing knowledge, ‘assembling’ it into a structure and refining the procedures of logic itself. It is shown that the origins of the engineering perspective trace back, on the one hand, to Carnap’s interest in the methodological framework of physics, particularly the measurement problem and its epistemological analysis, and, on the other, his fascination with interpretations of the nature of mathematical theory and the idea of unifying logicism and formalism by introducing the principle of tolerance, which adds a pragmatic dimension to methodology. The article examines in detail the idea of explication and its theoretical origins, which lie, in particular, in Carnap’s intention to exactify the notions expressing the degree of validity and probability. His idea of a link between the results of explication and its goal became the central principle of conceptual engineering, distinguishing it from mere conceptual analysis. It is concluded that, when considered together, Carnap’s two major ideas – explication and the principle of tolerance – can be placed in a broader context of a project seeking a rational reconstruction of the life of society and providing it with knowledge-based underpinnings. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:The Influence of Personalism on Harkness and King, Their Pacifism, and Their PersistenceNatalya A. Cherry (bio)I. IntroductionAs it is the hallmark of liberal theologies to take their critics seriously and learn from the criticisms offered, it is important to acknowledge a valid potential criticism of this article at its outset. Rufus Burrow, in God and Human Dignity: The Personalism, Theology, and Ethics of Martin Luther King, Jr., observed that (...) scholarship on King demonstrates a tendency on the part of white scholars to try to use the work of Boston Personalists to claim outsized influence on King.1 Perhaps these tendencies reflect an effort by white scholars to cling to the coattails of King’s massive popularity or to mask our own complicity in white supremacy. This paper therefore refrains from claiming that Georgia Harkness, the first woman appointed a theology professor in an American theological school, had a major, direct influence on King. Rather it identifies Personalist-influenced models of God common to Harkness and King—as a result of their both having studied under Borden Parker Bowne’s student Edgar S. Brightman—that appear to undergird their commitments to nonviolence. It respectfully considers their influences and their models of God, the confluences of their commitments, and the outlook for nonviolence at the ends of their lives, as well as for the present and future, over 55 and 49 years since their respective deaths.II. Evidences of InfluencesTwo pieces of textual evidence demonstrate Harkness’s and King’s mutual respect for one another and offer some insight into their experiences with Boston Personalism. One is an epistolary exchange between the two that includes a letter from King, in which he acknowledged his familiarity with Harkness’s [End Page 57] work.2 Though he did not mention it in this letter, the other piece of textual evidence is his brief reference to an article by Harkness in the third chapter of his doctoral dissertation3 completed at Boston University.4 [End Page 58]The first, epistolary evidence results from the fact that King had received a letter from Harkness as he recuperated from a very nearly successful, apparent assassination attempt carried out on September 20, 1958. The letter from Harkness was dated ten days later, incidentally the same day he publicly forgave his attacker, who was later found to be criminally insane. In her letter, Harkness wished him well, expressed admiration for his work in the civil rights movement and specifically offered her appreciation for his recently published book about the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Stride Toward Freedom. A book-signing for it, in fact, had put him in the path of his attacker in Harlem that September day. In the opening of her letter, Harkness had taken pains to identify herself to him, to which King replied,You needed not take the extra paragraph to introduce yourself to me. I have known you for several years through your writings. When I was a student in theological seminary...I had the great privilege of reading some of your books and articles. When I went to Boston University for my doctoral studies, I naturally heard your name many times, for Boston University, as you know, is very proud of you and never forgets to mention that you are one of its graduates. I have long admired your Christian witness and your sound theology. I hope it will be possible for us to meet personally in the not-too-distant future.5While there does not appear to be a record of whether this hope of meeting in person was ever fulfilled, nor of which of Harkness’s “books and articles” King had read in seminary, there is clear record—in the other textual evidence mentioned above—of his encounter with her work while he studied at Boston.There, his dissertation, “A Comparison of the Conceptions of God in the Thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman,” referred his readers to an article Harkness had published in 1938, entitled “The Abyss and the Given.”6 The reference emerges in King’s third chapter, on “Tillich’s conception of God,” where he eventually would describe love and justice as inextricably... (shrink)

When we turn to N.S. Gavrilova, our attention is attracted by the fact that all the topics in which she carried out scientific research, had a sign of "modernity". This is the first topic of his dissertation research - "Religious consciousness of contemporary students in the context of ideological pluralism " and a scientific monograph. Of course, the choice of the subject of the candidate research largely and for a long time determines any scientific research and reflection of the researcher, (...) who seems to fall into the enchanted circle of specific subject-methodological attraction. That modernity has not accidentally marked the scientific work of this young religious scholar. (shrink)

This article considers the meaning of the ancient Chinese magic square Luoshu. It is known that this square is the most ancient of this type of squares. The importance of the magic square in the philosophical tradition and in the whole culture of China is large. The ancient understanding of number differs from the modern one by its dual character, combining the features of philosophical symbolism and mathematical constructions. Unfortunately, modern interpretations of the Luoshu as well as other numerical constructions (...) preserved by the Chinese tradition are too often limited to a superficial statement of their symbolic, “numerological” nature, ignoring the effects of the mathematical structure represented by them. At the same time, some scholars strongly emphasize the intuitive aspects of numerology, which do not presuppose accuracy. On the contrary, Leibniz saw in the Chinese binary system of thinking the beginning of an exact universal language. The author, appealing to the concept of A.A. Krushinskiy, analyzes the arithmetic laws of the structure of the square. The article shows that the magic square Luoshu is not a numbers game. Without any doubt, its main meaning lies in the application of arithmetic. Chinese magic square is an illustrative implementation of one of the main features of Chinese language and traditional thinking – its rational and mathematical basis. The Luoshu square is a vivid example of visual constructivism in the Chinese style of thinking. By means of the magic square’s scheme, the procedure of generalization that is a basis of concepts formation is carried out. This procedure uses a mathematical magic square algorithm based on the numerical codes of the five elements. The quinary spontaneous symbolism is rooted in the Chinese traditional culture of thinking and life order. (shrink)

The article is a generalization and analysis of some of the results of the monitoring of the satisfaction of graduates of the Russian State Social University, conducted in 2020. The results of similar monitoring carried out in other higher educational institutions are also considered. The article pays great attention to the relationship of various factors of graduates' satisfaction, corresponding to the prospects for improving the educational process based on the results of monitoring studies. The article may be of interest both (...) for researchers of the educational process in universities and for a wide range of specialists in the field of university pedagogy. (shrink)

У статті доводиться, що тотальна еклектика постмодерну, моністична еклектика протомодерну є в принципі тотожними. Такими є й монізм тотального плюралізму, і монізм орнаментального дифузного дискретного колажу. Маємо зрозуміти, що еклектика середини ХІХ століття, еклектика як завершення постмодерного праксису – це є один і той самий тип, який визначається в культурі як маньєризм. Він може мати різні ознаки, різні феноменологічні конфігурації, але його сутність полягає в тому, що це симбіоз, це еклектика, це надсистема, це трансформація попередніх систем, коли не одна, а (...) кілька систем стають елемантами в загальному поєднанні композиційної єдності і коли виникає саме те, що ми називаємо симбіозом. (shrink)

Актуальність теми зумовлена тим, що глобалізаційні процеси в економіці України, деструктивні явища в галузях промисловості, інституційні перетворення, що потребують креативних інноваційних рішень, вимагають удосконалення наукових поглядів на побудову моделі менеджменту промислових підприємств, яка б гуртувалась на гнучкому механізмі та враховувала кризові умови їх функціонування та забезпечувала можливості сталого економічного розвитку у майбутньому. Мета дослідження – концептуалізація та моделювання процесів побудови гнучкого менеджменту промислового підприємства, спрямованого на упередження втрати людського потенціалу, руйнування екологічних систем, забрудненості навколишнього середовища, тобто на забезпечення екологічної і (...) соціальної безпеки промислового виробництва. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій, в яких започатковано розв’язання даної проблеми. У своєму дослідженні ми спираємся на роботу Аппело Юргена. Менеджмент 3.0. Agile-менеджмент. Лідерство та управління командами, яка об’єднує найсучасніші ідеї у сфері складних адаптивних систем, гнучкого керування та ощадливого постачання, пропонуючи здоровий, розумний, гнучкий і практичний механізм ефективного управління у ХХІ сторіччі, що представляє сучасну концепцію менеджменту 3.0. В статті ми спираємося також на роботи таких вчених, як Андрюкайтене Регіни, Воронкової В.Г., Пунченко О.П., Сосніна О.В., Старжинського В.В., Цепкало В.В., Череп А.В., а також на власні дослідження – Метеленко Н.Г., Сіліної І.В., Шапурова О.О. Концепція менеджменту 3.0 надає дорожню карту провідним командам у разі невизначеності та пропонує багату колекцію локальних моделей для безпосереднього використання, щоб краще адаптуватися до сучасних умов стохастичності, невизначеності, біфуркаційності та забезпечити розумне, адаптивне та практичне управління на промисловому підприємстві. Наукова новизна дослідження – обґрунтування ключових ознак фінансової та соціально-економічної кризи в промисловості, зокрема в стратегічних галузях – машинобудування і металургія та філософії побудови сучасної моделі гнучкого менеджменту на основі процесно – операційного підходу, спрямованої на розвиток інноваційно – інформаційної інфраструктури промислового підприємства у напряму забезпечення міжнародної конкурентоспроможності промислового виробництва та його сталий розвиток в умовах глобалізації. Результати дослідження. Окреслено орієнтири формування і реалізації концептуальної моделі управління промисловим підприємством, що функціонує в умовах соціально-економічної та фінансової кризи, яка дозволяє своєчасно передбачати та здійснювати цілеспрямоване й поступове удосконалення економічних, організаційних, техніко-технологічних, виробничих, соціальних, управлінських, ринкових, екологічних та інших складників промислового підприємства як системи, які в процесі впровадження нововведень набувають нових якостей. (shrink)

Стаття присвячена окресленню паралелей між парадигмами філософії діалогу та богослов’я спілкування через зіставлення їх ключових концептів та ідей. Обгрунтовується когерентна лінія їх «розгортання», що виявляється в посиленні несубстанціалістського підходу до людської особистості з позицій важливості Іншого для її конституювання. З’ясовується, що з позицій як філософії діалогу, так і богослов’я спілкування автентична зустріч «Я» та «Ти» має своєю передумовою моменти відкритості, зміщення акценту з промовляння на слухання, співчуття та чуйність. Проте в богослов’ї спілкування діалог «Я» та «Ти» набуває нового змісту завдяки (...) присутності Трансцендентного Іншого. Розглядаються теоантропологічні перспективи перихорезису (теологічного аналога інтерсуб’єктивності) та посилення тринітарних мотивів у розумінні особистості в сучасній православній теології. Окреслено феноменологію спілкування, в її секулярному та теологічному контекстах, а також єдність відкритості, очікування, туги, поклику та відповіді, через які й здійснюється уся повнота співбуття-спілкування людини з Богом та іншими людьми. (shrink)

The article deals with to the early forms of categorical thinking. The conceptual schemes are formed independently of each other in various ancient civilizations, and that is an evidence of the universal nature of some fundamental features of early categorical thinking. The author proceeds from the idea that defning characteristics of categorical thinking are the apriority and the extreme generality of concepts. Thus, a category is an extremely generalized concept, the last basis for the explanation of the all being by (...) reducing it to a few defning beginnings; and this is an original, structuring perception form of conceptuality, which man has before any empirical experience. The same, with some reservations, can be said about the ancient sages’ elemental principles of being because these principles meet the above mentioned requirements of categoricity. These basic conceptual constructs with extreme generality reflect the structure of the world around and serve as the structural basis for less general concepts. Proposed explication of the conceptual nature of the Chinese “fve elemental forces” is appealing to the Kantian idea of the transcendental scheme. This idea brings us closer to understanding the early forms of categorical thinking in general and the schematism of Chinese thinking in particular. The article also considers the original interpretation of the Kantian scheme by Umberto Eco. (shrink)

The article reveals the nature of barbarism, the criteria of modern barbarism and its faces, studies reasons and specifics of neovarvarization and massivization in modern society, highlights the main features of a barbarian human and a mass-man, analyzes the phenomenon of aggression as a major sign of barbarism, reveals the nature of human evil, deep roots of aggression and sado-masochistic tendencies in the relationship of people to each other and to nature. Based on a synergistic approach to understanding of social (...) processes, the author puts forward and justifies the idea that the growth of aggression, cruelty, violence and armed conflicts in today's world is a cascade of bifurcations of society, which is characteristic of transition of the society from one type to another. It is shown that in modern society there are all signs of barbarism, moreover, there is a purposeful policy of massivization and barbarizing the population in the interests of certain power structures with the aim of facilitating the process of manipulation by the masses. The degradation of modern culture, the main function of which at all times was to contain the aggressive principle in man, which is one of the main signs of barbarism, led to the spread of aggression and barbarism in all spheres of life, at all levels: from personal to interstate and universal. The author sees the favorable way of human development in the return of people to their lost spiritual and psycho-physical integrity, in which the spirit, the return to himself, to the man of the heart – homo cardiacus and not to his animal or technical origin is dominated, and in the transition to such type of civilization in which Hi-Tech and a significant transformation of consciousness and psychosphere of the Earth will be connected harmonically. (shrink)

The article focuses on the eternal theme of human life: suffering and its cause, deeply revealed in the biblical Book of Job. Although from ancient times this problem and its disclosure were interpreted both in philosophy and in religion, it has remained unresolved until nowadays and therefore worries a lot of people. Researchers of the Book of Job focus on two problems: the problem of suffering and the problem of theodicy, which arises from the existence of evil and injustice in (...) the world. However, according to the author of the article, the main idea of the Book of Job is not the problem of God’s justice, but the problem of a person’s spiritual birth. In the text of the article, the author, scrupulously analyzing every image and symbol of the Book of Job, shows and proves that the suffering sent by God to Job through Satan is an initiation through which the transformation of the Job psyche and his spiritual birth takes place. To prove this, the author analyzes the spiritual world-attitude and God-attitude of Job before the trials and after the trial. The main author’s method is searching for images and symbols’ disclosure in the Book of Job, not only verbal, but also numerical ones. The article researches the main symbols of the Book of Job and their significance for understanding of this text. The author focuses on the ideas of numbers 3, 7, 10 and especially on the significance of number 10 as some kind of completeness. The author also analyzes the symbolic meaning of the ashes, images of the Leviathan and the Hippopotamus, and Satan as the messenger of God for human trials. The author reveales some key features of human psychology: the role of fear in the human life, behaviour in an extreme situation, and abandonment of the miserable man. Based on the disclosure of the symbolism of images and numbers, the author concludes that the problem of justice in the Book of Job is removed. God gives to everyone what he deserves, and suffering and deprivation are not a punishment, not ends in themselves, as in asceticism, but a means of spiritual and mental transformation and spiritual development of person. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Semiotica Jahrgang: 2017 Heft: 215 Seiten: 235-253.

Education is viewed as not merely a particular domain of social life. It is more a universal process than a mere learning of sciences and arts; it is richer than an individual's socialization. The educational democratization turns out to be a prerequisite of humanization of the entire social life. The orientation at the supreme humane values as a strategic direction of democratic evolution of education is opposed to the authoritarian tendencies as an “antivalue” of pedagogical relations.Being a significant step towards (...) a genuinely humane society, democratization is unable, however, to resolve the fundamental problem of human formation: that of alienation. The opportunity to resolve it is dependent upon proper conditions for a free self-determination of a personality in culture. (shrink)

Emotions are processes with social origins and manifestations. However, the challenges of obtaining data on such volatile phenomena might restrict empirical research. This article presents methodological recommendations for the study of emotional processes during interactions, comprising an approach influenced by ethnomethodology. Key requirements include (a) detailed interactional data; (b) examination of whichever emotions emerge instead of studying predefined categories; and (c) nuanced “insider” understandings. Rather than focusing on individuals or the broad social milieu, useful insights are available via nuanced examination (...) of emotional trajectories as they are manifested in interactions. An example of the translation of these perspectives into method is briefly demonstrated using excerpts from a study which explored interactions in online discussion boards. (shrink)

Introduction. Observing the production and consumer area of modern cinematography makes it possible to draw conclusions about the value dominants of modern society, to conduct its sociocultural analysis. Cinema, both auteur and mass, is a way of reflecting and modeling the society spiritual state and its analysis makes it possible to draw quite serious and justified philosophical and social conclusions. The film in a philosophical sense is ontologized by the dominant intention of the era. Such a dominant intention of modernity (...) is hedonism. Pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, according to the humanities, is the basic values of the 21st century society. Cinema is the most comprehensive reaction to the needs of hedonism, since hedonistic prerequisites are to some degree laid down in its technical (movement, photographic phenomenology) and social nature (art and entertainment). In this regard, it seems relevant to conduct a philosophical analysis of the ontological level of modern cinema. The aim of the study is to conduct a philosophical analysis of the ontological level of modern cinema; identify ontological models, variations and combinations of which provide its artistic diversity. Methods: the authors use the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, the phenomenological method, since they identify the sensory intentions that underlie modern cinema. The authors also use the hermeneutic method, since they reveal the hidden meanings of the film, determined by the time and conditions of its creation, as well as the semiotic approach, which makes it possible to analyze the structural-semiotic whole of the film. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the authors analyze films from philosophical aspects, and not just cultural studies, as is customary. In modern cinema, the authors look for a reflection of the “social soul”, identify those intentions that underlie modern cinema, both auteur and mass. This makes it possible to deduce a typology of film models that have not previously been applied to the analysis of the film process. Results. During the analysis, the authors developed a hedonistic-ontological typology of cinematic models, identified five generative models of cinema, four of which have a hedonistic orientation: an alimentary model that pleases the recipient by intensively stimulating his perceptual sphere; a parkour model that gives pleasure to light and unhindered movement, minimizing the severity and resistance of the environment; an arcade model that provides the viewer the pleasure of victory through virtual immersion in the ups and downs of the “action film”; a detective model that gives the viewer pleasure through the removal of cognitive uncertainty. The fifth model, tentatively called existential, should lead the viewer into a complex philosophical state of being-with-self-self, an experience of one’s own fulfillment, associated with the experience of suffering. However, due to the hedonistic orientations of modern culture, this model is not relevant in the first decades of the 21st century. Conclusions. Philosophical analysis of modern cinema has revealed that at the ontological level it is based on the philosophy of hedonism. Modern cinema delivers the following types of pleasures to the recipient: enjoyment of the flesh of the world, enjoyment of bodily freedom in motion, enjoyment of peace, cognitive enjoyment. (shrink)

The article discusses the results of studying the value sphere of the digital generation. The author sets herself the goal of studying the meaningful life guidelines of the digital generation representatives. The author uses the results of students’ surveys of two Chelyabinsk universities for the humanities as a basis for the research. The author uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods of observation and questioning. As a result of analyzing the survey data and understanding the activity of (...) young people in social communities, the author comes to the conclusion that material security, freedom, self-expression, and love should be considered as the main values of the digital generation. The meaning-of-life guidelines of the digital generation are more consistent with the values of hedonist philosophers (pursuit of pleasure) and stoics (acceptance of life circumstances). The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying the features of the value sphere of the digital generation. In the value aspect, the digital generation prioritizes education, career, selfdevelopment, travel and enjoyment of life. It has a focus on individualism, self-presentation in the process of virtual communication. A significant method of self-expression for the digital generation is the vestimentary way of revealing individuality. The digital generation is fully immersed in network communication. Virtual communication makes it possible to quickly exchange information, learn new ways to earn money through Internet technologies, but can lead to distortion of information, relativism in judgments and social deprivation. (shrink)

This study uses an interdisciplinary perspective to shed light on Ukraine’s continuous problems with media independence, which to date have not allowed Ukraine to become a country with a truly free media: since Ukraine’s independence in 1991 its media have consistently remained only “partly free.” The approach proposed in the paper combines theoretical tools of post-communist media studies with advancements in political science research in regime change and state-building to explore the continuities and changes in the institutional environment for the (...) media in post-communist new democracies. The approach is applied to analyze two cases of post-communist media change, both problematic to explain within the framework of media studies alone: the case of incomplete media transformation in a hybrid regime and the incident of backsliding in independent media in an advanced new democracy. The paper is structured as follows: I first present the shortcomings in the way institutions, or more specifically the institutional environment for media freedom, were previously approached in post-communist media studies. I then propose a more advanced approach based on theories and concepts originating from comparative-politics studies of regime change and state and institution-building. I apply this approach to analyze the institutional environment for the media in Ukraine. Next, I explore the case of a radical reconstruction of media-related institutions in Hungary after Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz party came to power in 2010. (shrink)

This article deals with the theme of subjectivity. One of the most pressing questions today is what theoretical and practical efforts should be made to avoid being a powerless tool in the hands of others and under what conditions one’s own “subjective opinion” becomes the real, reliable fulcrum as far as purposeful activity, free and reasonable goal-setting are concerned. The desire to derive subjectivity from individual, singular existence today forces a thinker as prominent as Slavoj Žižek to search for its (...) form as “purified from” ideological layers and the contingencies of life. In his search for such a form, he turns to the psychoanalytic tradition, to the work of Jacques Lacan and his attempts to formalize the structures of subjectivity in isolation from the universality that generates them as necessity. This abstract consideration of subjectivity leads him to recognize subjectivity as a “distorting factor” in view of the insurmountable rupture between being and thinking. Evald Ilyenkov takes a different approach to the question of active self-determination. He conceives of personality as universal—the traits of a person are formed in the course of interaction between individuals in the process of producing the means of life. The individual becomes a personality or an acting subject, appropriating the generic powers of humanity, while being included in a system that implies a human relationship to the thing and, through it, to another individual. (shrink)

Introduction. The article is devoted to identifying features of spatial placement of health clinics in megacities and assessing the degree of compliance/ deviation with standards of pedestrian accessibility. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is scientific ideas in the field of regional economics, spatial and normative analysis. Scientific novelty of the research consists in as- sessing availability and saturation of territories by health clinics, in the context of features of their spatial placement, taking into account the estab- (...) lished regulatory requirements. Results. The place of the megacities of Ural Federal District among the megacities of Russia has been determined according to the conditions affecting availability of health clinics for the population. When carrying out a cartographic analysis of spatial placement of health clinics in Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk, district features of the cities studied were established, which made it possible to identify the existing problem areas characterized by an im- balance in the level of infrastructure facilities acces- sibility in relation to the regulatory requirements. The authors show the uneven coverage of clinic service areas, which reduces pedestrian and transport accessibility for citizens when receiving medical services. The features and differences of territorial localization of clinics in the actively built- up areas of Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk are revealed. Conclusions. The results obtained can be applied in the framework of determining priorities for implementing spatial transformations of studied territories and the authorities’ decision-making in order to increase medical services availability. (shrink)

The aim of the article is to conceptualize the Social in topological and temporal structures. In "Les nouvelles sociologies" Ph. Corcuff sets the theory of society as socio-economic and historical constructs of a sociologist. The authors claim that the social understanding of society present the Social in variable and invariant aspects. This disclose the lack of theoretical tools of comprehension. Only in the space of a philosophical view, the thinking subject considers the plurality as a unity. Various social theories intersect (...) in philosopher's position. Unraveling different "points of view" on society in the process of interpretation creates new meanings. The philosophical concept expresses the identity of the subject and the object. Therefore, the "vision" of a philosopher can be defined as determining and as definable. The objectified meaning of the Social written out by economics, as it were, constantly needs subjective justification and historical legitimation. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to substantiate and develop the author's model of the structure of the life world of a modern person based on the analysis of fundamental sociophilosophical ideas about the structuring of the human life world. The scientific novelty consists in generalizing the views of various representatives of the phenomenological direction on the human life world and structuring the life world of a modern person, taking into account such factors as the socio-biological nature of a person, (...) the multidimensional nature of the human psyche and the peculiarities of the space of everyday life of a modern person. As a result, it is proved that the structure of the life world of a modern person is nothing more than a three-component system formed by the "objective world", reflecting the biological essence of a person and the experience of scientific research accumulated by mankind, the "social world", reflecting the social essence of a person and the moral and ethical norms developed by mankind, the" inner world", reflecting the peculiarities of the functioning of the human psyche in cognitive, emotional, evaluative and behavioral aspects. (shrink)

This book positions itself at the intersection of the key areas of the modern humanities. Different authors from a variety of countries take innovative approaches to investigating multimodal communication, adapting pedagogical design to digital environments and enhancing cognitive skills through transformations in teaching and learning practices. The eclectic forms under study require eclectic approaches and methodologies, and the authors cross disciplinary boundaries drawing on philosophy, linguistics, semiotics, computational linguistics, mathematics, cognitive studies and neuroaesthetics. Part I presents methods of analysing multimodal (...) communication in its different displays, covering promotional video in crowdfunding project presentations, multimodal public signs of prohibition and visuals as arguments. Part II explores varied teaching methodologies that have emerged as a result of and in response to modern technological changes and contains some practical hints for educators. It demonstrates the pedagogical potential of video games, virtual worlds, linguistic corpora and online dictionaries. Part III focuses on psychological and cognitive factors influencing success in the classroom, primarily, ways of developing students’ and teachers’ personalities. The volume sits at the intersection between Communication Studies, Digital Humanities, Discourse Analysis, Education Theory and Cognitive Studies and is useful to scholars and students of communication, languages, education and other areas of the humanities. This book should trigger scholarly discussions as well as stimulating practitioners’ interest in these fields. (shrink)

Стаття присвячена найменш контрольованим і найбільш небезпечним загрозам сьогодення, а саме – біотероризму та біологічним війнам. Акцентується увага на тому, що на даний час наявна послідовність терористичних акцій із застосуванням збудників інфекційних хвороб і бактеріальних токсинів актуалізує проблему біологічної безпеки, яка набула глобального характеру і не залежить від державних кордонів. Відзначається, що розробки в галузі мікробіології використовуються в антигуманних цілях, що є істотним чинником, який загострює питання біобезпеки. Йдеться про створення новітніх видів біологічної зброї. Значну біологічну небезпеку для людини становлять (...) нові інфекційні хвороби, які викликаються раніше невідомими людству патогенами. Зокрема вірусами, бактеріями, а також пріонами. Наголошується на необхідності прийняття рішень політичного, економічного та філософського характеру, що включають посилення міжнародного контролю за роботою з особливо небезпечними збудниками, а також розробку конкретних програм протидії біотероризму. Підкреслюється, що на даний час вирішення проблем, пов'язаних з протидією біотероризму, є провідним завданням, яке безпосередньо стосується інтересів забезпечення безпеки не лише окремих країн, а й усієї планети загалом. (shrink)

The purpose of the study is to determine measures to improve the efficiency of the personnel management system in the civil service. The article highlights the issues of improving the personnel management system in the civil service, identifies the features of personnel management in the civil service, touches upon the moments of motivation and incentives for civil servants. The authors carried out a sociological study among the employees of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Buryatia. Scientific (...) novelty lies in the proposed personnel management system, which, in contrast to the existing ones, reflects the specifics of the civil service and allows the most effective management decisions of personnel management. As a result, measures were identified that are aimed at efficient, fast and convenient work of the Ministry's employees, at retaining young specialists, effective motivation and interest of personnel in labor activities. (shrink)

In this paper, we consider the class of four-valued literal-paraconsistent-paracomplete logics constructed by combination of isomorphs of classical logic CPC. These logics form a 10-element upper semi-lattice with respect to the functional embeddinig one logic into another. The mechanism of variation of paraconsistency and paracompleteness properties in logics is demonstrated on the example of two four-element lattices included in the upper semi-lattice. Functional properties and sets of tautologies of corresponding literal-paraconsistent-paracomplete matrices are investigated. Among the considered matrices there are the (...) matrix of Puga and da Costa's logic V and the matrix of paranormal logic P1I1, which is the part of a sequence of paranormal matrices proposed by V. Fernández. (shrink)

The article analyzes the actual digital competencies formed by bachelors of pedagogical profile in the educational space of the University. We also consider the possibility of expanding the digital competencies of future teachers to improve the effectiveness of the educational process at school and professional growth of the teacher.

Introduction. In the structure of the population of Russia, the proportion of older people is increasing, but the duration of the economically active working life of this age category is less than in some European countries. Many elderly Russians having an active life position want and can work. Most of them have a high level of professional education and qualifications, experience, and yet many are not in demand on the labor market, because they do not have enough digital skills. The (...) purpose of this article is to study the situation with employing elderly citizens, identify factors that determine successful mastering information and digital technologies on the bases of the results of retraining and advanced training. Methods. The authors of the article analyze the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the Russian Federation’s constituent entities (national programs and projects), study the content of the government bodies’ websites, including public employment departments, educational organizations, statistical data are used to assess the state of senior citizens’ employment and education, the authors carry out an empirical study with a survey. Scientific novelty of the study. The authors identify factors that affect the elderly citizens’ employment in industries where digital technologies are actively introduced; point out the factors that positively impact successful elderly citizens’ education. It has been proved that in order to obtain a positive learning outcome, not only the legal and organizational conditions created by the state are required, but also the presence of an educational strategy among the elderly people themselves, an element of which is the development of information and digital technologies. The results of the study make it possible to realize the main problems that hinder employment and training, as well as to predict some trends regarding the position of older people in the new realities of the digital economy. (shrink)

The fast levels of industrialization, urbanization, globalization, and expansion of mass consumption that most countries in the world are experiencing today have led to environmental destruction and climate change, eventually threatening the survival of the Earth and humanity. Especially in the case of South Korea, where per capita greenhouse gas emissions have risen to the third highest in the world, there is an urgent need to raise public awareness of the risks of climate change and initiate a more active societal (...) response. This study examines Korean news media trends related to sustainability and explore suggestions for sustainable measures in the Anthropocene. In this way, a total of 1,203 articles was collected, including material from the news archives of newspapers, broadcasting TV, and Internet news channels. The articles have been analyzed by means of word-count-based analysis and topic modeling. The results of this study suggest that there is a need to develop and activate articles that contain more information about the effectiveness of the social response to sustainability and climate change in the Anthropocene. (shrink)

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of the functional status of regions in the system of economic federalism, which is associated with the high spatial heterogeneity of Russia, and explains the need to move from the model of economic fed- eralism, which combines the presence of universal institutions and institutional exceptions, to a model that takes into account the spatial diversity of ter- ritories. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the decrease in the heterogeneity of the economic (...) federalism space when moving on to a model based on macro territories - groups of regions with the same functional status. Methods. The author uses methods of a mono- graphic review, logical and statistical analysis in the context of applying a spatial approach in studying the relations of economic federalism, as well as the concept of “smart specialization” in relation to the regions of Russia to differentiate the relationship of the federal center with the territories within the same specialization. Scientific novelty of the study. The article is the first to present a methodology for determining the functional status of regions, which is the basis for the subsequent formation of a model of relations between the federal center and macro regions. Results. The author proposes methods for deter- mining the functional status of regions and calcu- lating indicators that characterize the relations of economic federalism. The first methodology, based on economic and territorial criteria, makes it possi- ble to attribute each region of Russia to a group of macro regions according to their functional status. The second method makes it possible to substanti- ate a greater asymmetry of indicators character- izing economic federalism in the country as a whole than in the context of macro territories. Conclusions. Regarding the higher stability of indicators characterizing economic federalism by groups of macro-territories than in the country as a whole, the need for a transition to a flexible model of economic federalism based on differentiated measures and specific tools to support regions in the context of their functional specializations is substantiated. (shrink)

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of institutionalism of economic federalism relations. The institutional approach to studying economic federalism makes it possible to study economic federalism as a complex structured institution based on describing the interaction of the existing institutions of federalism, its structures and mechanisms. The purpose of the article is to consider economic federalism from the standpoint of the institutional approach. Methods. In the article, the author uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction (...) in the context of applying the institutional approach when studying the economic federalism relations. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, the author highlights the elements of institutional regulation of the economic federalism system; has introduced the criterion for dividing the economic federalism institutions into formalized and non-formalized ones. Results. The author justifies the possibility of using the institutional approach when studying economic federalism, formulates the concept of “institution of federalism”, discloses the content of the institutional regulation of federal relations, presents for the first time the institutional design of the economic federalism system in terms of identifying subject areas and functions of economic federalism institutions, the spheres of institutionalization of economic federalism and economic consequences of institutional regulation. The author introduces the criterion of universality, which makes it possible to divide the institutions of economic federalism into formalized and non-formalized ones. Conclusions. The system of economic federalism presupposes the presence of institutions as stable norms, rules, procedures, organizational mechanisms governing the interaction of federalism participants, which gives the relations of economic federalism an institutional setting. Institutions of federalism both restrict and stimulate the dayto-day action of its participants. For the effective functioning of the economic federalism system, it is necessary to search for the optimal ratio of formalized (universal) and non-formalized (electoral) federalism institutions. (shrink)

The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of the participants of any system on the organization of operational and strategic projects, the specifics of organizing interaction with stakeholders in order to meet their own needs and the needs of stakeholders for security, and an increase in personal satisfaction. In the article, the authors focus on key groups of stakeholders and consider the issues of managing relations with media organizations, government bodies, business partners, the scientific community, (...) investors and the organization's personnel. Scientific novelty lies in the combination of previously incompatible managerial functions of leaders to achieve the best result. As a result, recommendations were developed for the direction of development of the activities of stakeholders in Russia. (shrink)